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Turbine expander classification: turbo type

An expander that transfers energy as a change in the velocity energy of a gas as it expands. This expander is divided into single-stage and double-stage, vertical and horizontal, impulse and reaction. Generally, a single-stage centripetal radial flow reaction type is adopted, and the outgoing external power is absorbed by the generator, blower or oil brake. It is similar to a single-stage centrifugal compressor, but with (adjustable vane) deflectors for adjusting the intake air volume. The low-speed bearings are forcibly lubricated with oil, and the high-speed bearings use gas bearings. Due to the nozzle loss, impeller loss, residual velocity loss, disc friction loss, leakage loss, channeling loss and external heat intrusion loss, the general adiabatic efficiency of the turbo expander is: 65-75% for medium pressure expanders, and 65% to 75% for low pressure expanders. 75 to 85%. In the 1960s, liquid expanders have been made, and most of them are used in natural gas separation equipment.

Turbine Expander | The normal operation of the expander must have four elements at the same time:

• There is a highly clean, stable pressure and continuous supply of bearing gas.
• The clearance of each part is within the specified technical requirements, and there should be no friction between the rotor and other components.
• High-quality dynamic balance accuracy.
• The locking nuts of the working wheel and fan wheel must be tightened.

Turbine expander Machinery Failure Prevention:

• When an emergency occurs in the expander, the operator must deal with it correctly and decisively, otherwise it will lead to a liability accident.
• Appropriate improvements to the related pipelines of the expander can make the operation more simple and practical.
• The inspection of the expander working wheel and fan wheel lock nut should be carried out once every six months.
• When removing the expander, due to the low temperature in the volute, the deflector may not be taken out. In order to prevent the opening of pass-2 during heating, the temperature in the tower will rise, and the heating air pressure will blow the deflector out and smash it. If the blade is damaged due to the ground, the blind plate can be made to connect with the intermediate flange, which can ensure that the heating of the dirty nitrogen compartment and the deflector are intact after the heat exchanger expands.

Turbine expander classification: piston type

An expander that expands the gas in a variable volume and outputs external work for refrigeration (usually braked by an electric motor to absorb external work). There are two types of expanders: vertical and horizontal. The vertical structure is mostly used. The crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead, piston, intake valve and exhaust valve are moving parts, which are respectively installed in the fuselage, cylinder and intermediate seat, and their function is similar to that of reciprocating piston compression. However, the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed regularly by the intake and exhaust cams. Piston expanders suffer from the loss of cooling capacity due to the flow resistance of inlet and exhaust valves, incomplete expansion, frictional heat, and external heat and internal heat exchange. 60 to 70%. In the 1950s, valveless and single-valve expanders without cam transmission mechanism appeared one after another, which reduced the moving parts of the expander and improved the reliability of machine operation, and has been widely used in small cryogenic equipment. In the 1960s, PTFE sealing elements with fillers were used instead of metal sealing elements lubricated with oil, which prevented the lubricating oil from being brought into the deep and low temperature rectification zone or liquefaction zone and ensured safety.