Air separation is the process of separating air components such as nitrogen, oxygen and argon from one another. It plays a key role in many industries such as medical, manufacturing and energy production. Cryogenic distillation is usually employed for this task; it involves cooling air to extremely low temperatures before separating components based on their boiling points. The gases produced can then be used for various applications from industrial processes to medical treatments. Recent technological advancements in air separation technology have made this task more efficient and cost-effective than ever before.